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Geodesy Department
Department type	department
Abreviation	DG
Established	1871
Affiliations	Intitute of Geodesy
Location	room 51, 6 Karpinskogo Str. (II educational building), Lviv, Ukraine
Page on lp.edu.ua	Official page
Web-site	Official page

History

Lviv Polytechnic National University Geodesy Department is the oldest one in Ukraine. The Geodesy and Spherical Astronomy Department wasfounded according to the decree of Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Education in1871. The first head of the Department was Zbrozhek Dominique, the assistant of Czech TechnicalSchool in Prague, who was later conferred the title of professor. The foundation of the Geodesy andSpherical astronomy Department in Lviv Technical Academy led to establishing the first astronomicalobservatory in Western Ukraine in 1877 and the meteorological station since 1878.

Since the scientific andpedagogical potential of the Department increased, it was divided into the Geodesy (as it is known nowadays) and Spherical astronomyand Higher geodesy Departments, headed by professors S. Vidt and V. Laska respectively. At that timethey published their first textbooks on geodesy, four parts of S. Vidt's "Miernictwo"(1899) and "Miernictwoand teoria bledow and rachunek wyrownawczy» (1901) written by both professors.

Since 1912, theGeodesy Department was headed by Professor K. Vayhel - one of the most famous geodesic scientists in Western Ukraine atthat time. His scientificinterests were diverse. The professor's work on geodesy, gravimetry and photogrammetrycontributed considerably to the further development of geodesy. He was the first to use the aerial photography results to make the maps and plans forurban areas, including Lviv. K.Vayhel was the rector of Lviv Polytechnic from 1924 to 30 and headed theGeodesyDepartment for almost 30 years. Unfortunately, he and the large group of Lviv scientists were executed by theNazis on Vuletski hills on July 3rd, 1941.

After the World WarII, in1945, the Geodesy Faculty, established in Lviv Polytechnic, included the Geodesy Department. The seniorlecturer A. Motornyi was appointed to the post of the Department head. The importantachievement of the Department at this time was the systems of polygon links withbases located not perpendicular to the line, which is defined (as in the links of parallacticpolygonometry), but along this line, designed by A. Motornyi. Such links were later named the new polygonometrylinks.

Before the invention of the lightdistance measure device, such constructions widened the possibilities of usingthepolygonometry. They were very important and their detailed analysis became thebasis for the A. Motornyi doctor thesis. At the end of his life, the professor compiled the Russian-Ukrainiantechnical terms dictionary on geodesic range of disciplines. Unfortunately, he didn'tmanage to publish it. After the Independence of Ukraine, the dictionary was considerably filled up, mainly by senior lecturerV. Litynskyi and published in 1993.

Since 1952, when the Departmentfaculty wassupplemented by the young lecturers, who graduated from Geodesy Faculty (D. Maslych, A. Ostrovskyy, L. Khyzhak, M. Drok, I.Kmetko, S. Plahotnyy, M. Kravtsov, R. Tartachynskyi and others), the Department beganstudying the impact of the environment on the results of geodetic measurements,asA. Motornyi proposed. D. Maslych studied the influence of the vertical refraction on the trigonometricleveling results in the mountains; A. Ostrovskyy investigated the effectof the lateral refraction on the accuracy of horizontal angles measuring in the urban polygonometryand the polygonometry along the rivers, railways and highways, L. Hyzhak observed the side refraction effect and triangular networks, built in flat area with heterogeneousunderlying surface (forest, tillage, sand etc.). He was the first of the Lvivland surveyors who paid attention to the dependence between variationsin images of the collimating objectives and refraction.

This connection led to an important step insolving the problem of vertical refraction; M. Drok studied the effect of thevertical refraction depending on the height of the beam (during trigonometricleveling at distances up to one kilometer) over the land and stagnant water; I.Kmetko observed the impact of the leveling refraction on the results of thehighly precise geometric leveling. Herewith the prevailing systematic but notrandom (as it was considered before) effect of refraction was proved. S.Plahotnyi investigated the rules of atmosphere influence on the light distancemeasurement; R. Tartachynskyi studied the effect of lateral refraction underconditions of the urban triangular network; M. Kravtsov observed theatmosphere influence on the radio distance measurement and M. Lisevych – itsimpact on the light distance measurement over land and water surface. B.Tlustyak explored the effect of vertical refraction in the shelf zone and V.Sazhyn – its effect of during the night period in mountain and hill areas.Assistants Yu. Fedoryschev (investigated light waves) and V. Pervaho (radiowaves) focused on the issues of atmosphere impact on the result of observingthe space position of the high objects. V. Litynskyy studied refractive fieldin large quarries - artificial salient cavities.

In 1966 the former USSR Ministry of Geology andthe Ukrainian SSR Ministry of Education jointly decided to establish the firstbranch laboratory at the Geodesy faculty for studying the atmospheric impactson astronomical and geodesic measurements. The first supervisor of thelaboratory was professor M. Myhal and the first lecturers were senior lecturersD. Maslych, A. Ostrovskyi and L. Hyzhak.

The most important scientific development of thelaboratory (1967-72) was the establishment of geodesic firing ground in theCarpathian mountain region. Late 70s, early 80s were theyears of the Department scientific growth activity - the number of economictreaty issues has grown to 10, the capacity of work reached 200-250 thousandkarbovanets per year. In 1975 the professor M. Myhal devolved scientificleading branch laboratory upon A. Ostrovskyi.

Since then, the BranchScientific and Research Laboratory№18 (BSRL-18) became an integral part of the Geodesy Department and has doneover 200 economic treaty issues. Among laboratory clients were USSR Geodesy and Cartography Main Directorate (GCMD), USSR ScienceAcademy, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Education, the State Committee ofScience and Technology, Enterprisesof Ministry of Energy, Nuclear Energy and Gas Industry etc.

Number of faculty reached 18 people. According to refractionresearch materials of laboratory hundreds of research papers and several monographs were published, dozens of copyrightcertificates were received, 6 doctoral and almost 40 Ph.D. theses were defended(A. Ostrovskyi, P. Pavliv, B. Dzhuman, O. Moroz, F. Zablotskyi, A.Suyunov).Thus the world recognized refraction school was founded. After Ukrainehad become its Independence laboratory scientific subjects was transformed as aresult of economic and social changes. The recently founded GCMD of Ukraine hadthe urgent state problems considering land privatization, creation of modernsatellite geodesic networks, development of modern topographic technologies,setting up of a data bank and many others. The problems of engineering andgeodesic monitoring mobility of unique and large engineering buildings becamevery topical as a result of endogenous and exogenous processes. This includesnuclear, hydro and thermal power and compressor stations, gas and oil pipelineslocated in the areas of high tectonic activity, transitions from static tokinematic and dynamic geodesy, creation of permanent space astronomical andgeodetic networks of Ukraine by GPS methods; mathematical optimization of thesenetworks.

Recently the Department has madea considerable progress in the development of methods and means of providinggeodetic installation and large technological equipment repair. It turned outthat geodesic methods give you an opportunity not only to put manufacturingequipment in design position, but also to predict its duration and efficiency.And it is a new and perspective direction in engineering geodesy. Suchdevelopment brought the Geodesy Department 29 copyright certificates, seniorlecturer T. Shevchenko defended doctoral thesis and engineers V. Hrebenyuk, V.Polischuk, S. Hropot – Ph.D. ones.

In 1991 the Department publisheda monograph "Methods of incorporation of atmospheric effects onastronomical and geodetic measurements." Basic research and achievementsare based mainly on dependencies between atmosphere turbulence and refractionanomalies. In 2003 the O. Moroz's Monograph "Identification andincorporation of vertical refraction during geodesic measurements" whichbecame the basis for the doctoral thesis, defended that year.

Today 2 Sc.D and 7 Ph.D work atthe Department. The Department faculty trainsthe professionals in three Lviv Polytechnic institutes - Institute of Geodesy,Institute of Building and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Architecture.Here the lectures on Topography, Geodesy, Topographic drawing, Fundamentals ofgeodesy, Engineering Geodesy, electronic geodesic devices are given.

The Department has not onlyoptical appliances but also electronic tacheometers, electronic and laserlevels. Lessons are conducted in five laboratories and computer classroom of Department. The important direction of itsscientific activity is the consideration of atmospheric effects on the accuracyof astronomical and geodesic measurements. Lviv Refraction School, founded by Professor A.Ostrovskyi is recognized not only in Ukraine, but all over the world.

Thanks to Professor Shevchenko, who had more than 30 copyrightcertificates, the Department has made a considerable progress in thedevelopment of methods and means of providing geodetic installation and largetechnological equipment repair. Professor Shevchenko published a manual andtutorial "Geodetic devices" for the students of all geodetic profiledirections.

The professor I. Trevoho made a significant contribution to thedevelopment of the most beneficial methods of the geodesic networksconstruction under urban conditions. He suggested making at the Yavorivmilitary training ground one of the most accurate bases for testing the moderngeodesic appliances in Ukraine. The professor I.Trevoho is the President of theUkrainian Society of Surveyor and cartographers.

The senior lecturer V. Litynskyi was the first who published Geodesyencyclopaedic dictionary which consists of 3,800 articles on topography,geodesy, geodesic astronomy, space geodesy, planet geodesy, spherical geodesy,engineering geodesy, sea geodesy etc.

The senior lecturers I. Harasymchuk, Z. Tartachynska, N. Yarema, I. Pokotylo,I. Sidorov, Yu. Korduba and assistants V. Tarnavskyi, O. Serant, O. Prystupaworthily continued the best traditions of their predecessors in the scientificand educational work.

Since the foundation ofDepartment 53 doctoral and Ph.D theses were prepared and defended, 24monographs, textbooks and over 700 research paperswere published. More than 20 years the Department is fundamental for geodesicdepartments of Western Ukraine.

Date of formation, stages of activity, reaching

Department of Geodesy of Lviv Polytechnic National University is the oldest department of Geodesy in Ukraine. In 1871 the Ministry of Education of Austria-Hungary was created Department of Geodesy and spherical astronomy. Its first manager was appointed assistant senior Czech Technical College in Prague Dominique Zbrozhek, who was later awarded the title of professor. Creation of the Department of Geodesy and spherical astronomy in the Lviv Academy of Engineering helped open in 1877 the first in Western Ukraine Astronomical Observatory, and from 1878 — weather station.

Memorial plaque on the house where he lived Caspar Weigel

Department of Geodesy and spherical astronomy since the property of the scientific and educational potential in 1894 divided the Department of Geodesy (which with this name exists today) and the Department of Spherical Astronomy and Higher Geodesy. Headed the Department under Professor S. Vidt and B. Laska. During this period begin printing the first textbooks on geodesy, written in the Academy professors Vidtom S. and W. Grace (1899 — Tutorial S. Vidta “Miernictwo” in four parts, 1901 — Tutorial "Miernictwo and teoria bledow and rachunek wyrownawczy “prepared by Professor V. Laska and S. Vidt).

Since 1912, the Department of Geodesy headed by Professor K. Weigel — one of the most famous scientists Surveyors Western Ukraine at that time. Research interests of Prof. K. Weigel were very diverse. His works on geodesy, gravimetry and photogrammetry became important contribution to the further development of geodetic science. He is one of the first results of aerial photographs used to create maps and plans for urban areas, particularly in Lviv. He was elected in 1924-30 he was rector of Lviv Polytechnics.

Almost 30 years, the department was headed by Professor of Geodesy. K. Weigel. Unfortunately, 3 July 1941, together with a large group of scientists in Lviv was shot by the Nazis on Vuletski Hills.

After WWII, in 1945, the Department of Geodesy is part of the surveying department, created in the Lviv Polytechnic. Her head appointed Associate Professor Andrew D. Motor.

An important achievement of the department at this time were developed Assoc. AD motor system polihonometrychnyh links with bases not located perpendicular to the line, defined (as in the levels of parallactic polihonometriyi), and along this line. Such links, further identified new links polihonometriyi allow unlimited increase parallactic angles and therefore were not only very accurate but also very quickly and can be used anywhere where topographic conditions as a basis can be measured at the beginning, end, or middle of the line, determined and perpendiculars, whose length is measured, can be installed right or left with respect to that line.

Before constructing such svitloviddalemiriv expanded applicability polihonometriyi had great production values and their creation and detailed analysis became the basis of the doctoral thesis of A. Motor. At the end of his life Professor. AD Engine was the Russian-Ukrainian technical dictionary of geodesic cycle disciplines. Sorry, the dictionary so he failed. Now, when Ukraine became independent, the dictionary has refilled, mostly Assoc. VA Litinsky, released in 1993.

Portrait of A. Motor

Since 1952, when the staff of the department by the young teachers, graduates of the GF, the proposal of the Department of Motor AD began studying the problem of the external environment on the results of geodetic measurements (DI Maslych, AL Ostrovskii, HORSES . Predator, MK gorse, I. N. Kmetko, SI Plahotnogo, MI Kravtsov, RM Tartachynskyy and others). DI Maslych studied the characteristics of vertical refraction results trigonometric leveling in the mountains; AL Ostrovsky — a side effect of refraction on the accuracy of measurements of horizontal angles in urban and polihonometriyi polihonometriyi that is laid along the year, railways and highways, L. S. predator — side effect of refraction and the triangular network, built on flat terrain with heterogeneous underlying surface (forest, arable land, sand, etc.). He was the first of L’Surveyors drew attention to the relationship between fluctuations pictures sight of goals and refraction. This relationship led to an important step in solving the problem of vertical refraction; MK gorse studied the effect of vertical refraction depending on the height of the beam (when trigonometric leveling at a distance up to one kilometer) over land and stagnant ponds, I. N. Kmetko — leveling effect of refraction on the results of high-precision geometric leveling. It was proved prepotent, systematic, not random, the effect of refraction, as thought before. SI Plahotnogo — studied the patterns of atmospheric influence on svitloviddalemirni measurement; RM Tartachynskyy — side effects of refraction in a triangular network of city; MI Kravtsov — influence on atmospheric radioviddalemirni measurement.

All the above authors and others have defended their dissertations and continue, or continue to explore the atmospheric effects on astronomic and geodetic measurements.

Later al. BT Tlustyak investigated the question of vertical refraction in the shelf zone; MF Lisevych — influence on atmospheric svitloviddalemirni measurements over land and over the water surface; VA Sazhin — effect of vertical refraction in the night periods of the day in a mountainous and hilly areas . The question of atmospheric effects on the results of observations of high spatial position of objects studied al. AY Fedoryschev (light waves) and Assam. VA Pervaho (radio), VO Litinsky studied the refractive field in large open pits — closed, artificial hollow relief. These teachers also defended their dissertations.

In 1966, the joint decisions of the former Ministry of Geology of the USSR and the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian SSR was created the first branch of the GF laboratory for the study of atmospheric effects on astronomic and geodetic measurements. The first supervisor of the laboratory became a professor. M. Myhal, the first temovodamy were — Associate DI Maslych, AL Ostrovsky and LS predator.

At that time the laboratory performing 1.3 theme for $ 20 tys.krb. The most important scientific development of the first years of the laboratory (1967-72 years) was the establishment of geodetic reference range in the Carpathian mountain areas. Based on the solution of inverse problem of vertical refraction, developed methods for determining serednointehralnoho refractive index of air waves for optical and radio wavelengths with an accuracy of 6.10 on 1 and 1 10-5, and the method of determining the lateral refractive errors of less than 10% of the value of amendments in the direction . These developments formed the basis of the doctoral thesis of L. A. Ostrovsky. This linear measurement accuracy of 1 svitloviddalemiramy of 6.10 allowed a reference range in the mountains, in which horizontal angles calculated by linear measurements with an accuracy 0.1 “-0.2”, that is 3.5 times more accurate than the measured perfect theodolite.

Late 70s, early 80s were years of growth of scientific activity: the number hozdogovornyh topics expanded to 10, amount of work tys.krb reached 200-250 per year. In 1975 prof. M. Myhal gave scientific support branch lab. L. A. Ostrovsky. Since that time, laboratory BSRL-18 becomes an integral part of the Department of Geodesy.

During its existence BSRL-18 performed over 200 hozdogovornyh research topics. Among the customers of the laboratory were HUHK USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Education, State Committee on Science and Technology, Ministry of Enterprise Energy, Nuclear Energy, Gazprom and others. Number of employees reached 18 people.

By hozdogovornyh executed works was established strong financial base, both for research and for educational purposes. It acquired a sufficient number of modern geodetic instruments, including the first set of receivers in the institute OR8.

Significant scientific achievements of the laboratory are: created a generalized theory of the earth’s vertical and lateral refraction; proved the unity of the theory of refraction and turbulence during thermal turbulence of the atmosphere; proved the theorem: in a thermally turbulent atmosphere of the average vertical anomalous refraction by 1-2 seconds of time equal to the maximum amplitude of oscillation images sight purposes for the same period of time; based on this theorem solved the problem of taking into account refraction, but only during thermal turbulence; developed automated methods for determination of anomalous refraction in the aforementioned state of the atmosphere; developed methods for determining the mean integral value of the refractive index of air.

Based on research carried out laboratory errors, published hundreds of scientific articles, several books, received dozens of certificates, protected 6 doctoral theses (AL Ostrovsky, P. Paul, BM Djumala, O. Moroz, F . Zablotskij D., A. Suyunov) and about 40 candidate. Thus was created the world’s recognized school of refraction.

With the formation of Ukraine as a sovereign independent state, as a result of economic and social changes undergone a transformation of scientific topics of the laboratory. Before newly HUHK Ukraine faces urgent national task to privatization of land, creation of modern satellite geodetic networks, development of new technologies topographic removal, creation of data bank and many others.

Particularly relevant are the problems: nzhenerno-geodetic monitoring of the unique mobility and large engineering structures under the influence of endogenous and exogenous processes. This includes nuclear, hydro and thermal power plants, compressor stations, main gas and oil pipelines located in areas of high tectonic activity; transitions from static to dynamic and kinematic surveying; create a permanent space astronomic and geodetic networks in Ukraine methods of GPS; Mathematical optimization of these networks.

All this led to the need to reorganize the laboratory, which currently has the status of the institute called “Laboratory monitoring and geodetic refractometry.” Under this theme developed laboratory guidelines “Creating geodynamic polygons in NPP” and made several important scientific hozdogovornyh topics. Given the considerable laboratory experience in performing monitoring activities at the Rivne NPP Tereble-Rikskiy HPP, TPP Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk thermal, gas compressor stations “Lvovtransgaz”, “Prykarpattransgaz” and others, the management of the laboratory was one of the initiators of the organization of international symposia on this subject in Alushta, Yaremche, Yugoslav. These workshops are held regularly for 11 years. Besides the laboratory management is one of the founders of “Geodynamics” regularly issued for 7 years.

Today, due to the success of the laboratory in solving these problems can confidently talk about the birth of a new scientific school, namely the classical school of mathematical optimization and space (satellite) networks. Proof of this can be a defense on the subject of two doctoral (K. R. Tretiak, PG Chernyaha) and several master’s theses, as well as a number of successful hozdogovornyh topics.

In recent years the Department has made considerable progress in developing methods and means of geodetic software installation and maintenance of large technological equipment. It turned out that surveying methods not only allow you to put technological equipment in design position, but also to predict the duration and efficiency. And that — new, promising direction in engineering geodesy. Developments on this subject have brought the Department of Geodesy 29 copyright certificates, Assoc. Shevchenko defended his doctoral and engineers VG Grebenyuk, VI Polishchuk, SG Hropot — Ph.D. dissertation.

In 1991 the Department published the monograph “Methods of incorporation of atmospheric effects on astronomic and geodetic measurements.” Basic research and progress based primarily on the dependencies between atmospheric turbulence and refractive errors, and in 2003 — monograph O. Moroz, “Identifying and taking into account vertical refraction at the geodesic measurements” on which, in the same year, was defended doctoral thesis.

Today, the Department has 4 doctors and 4 PhD. The department staff are trained experts in the three institutions “Lviv Polytechnic” Institute of Geodesy, Institute of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Architecture, lectures on “Topography” “Geodesy”, “topographical drawings”, “Engineering Surveying” “Geodesy devices”.

In its arsenal Department has, in addition to optical devices, electronic total stations, electronic and laser levels. Classes are conducted in five laboratories and computer lab department.

Priority science department is taking into account atmospheric effects on the accuracy of astronomic and geodetic measurements. Lviv “School of refraction” initiated by Professor L. A. Ostrovsky recognized not only in Ukraine but all over the world, and its founder deservedly recognized as the world famous scientist who has been successful in solving one of the most difficult surveying problems.

Thanks to Professor Taras Shevchenko, who has more than 30 certificates, the Department has made considerable progress in developing methods and means of geodetic software installation and maintenance of large technological equipment. Edited by prof. Shevchenko A handbook and a textbook “Geodetic” for students of all specialties geodetic profile.

Significant contribution to the development of the most profitable methods for building geodesic networks in urban environments created prof. I. Trevi. On his initiative to Yavoriv military training ground created one of the most accurate in Ukraine benchmark bases for certification of modern geodetic equipment. Prof.. I. Trevi is the President of the Ukrainian Society of Surveyors and cartographers.

Edited by Assoc. VA Lityn the department for the first time in Ukraine prepared and published “Geodesy encyclopedic dictionary” containing almost 3,800 articles on topography, geodesy, geodetic astronomy, space geodesy, planetoheodeziyi, spherical geodesy, engineering surveying, marine surveying, etc.

Associate JF Harasymchuk, ZR Tartachynska, senior lecturer NP Yarema, I. Pokotilo, I. Sidorov, YG Korduby assistants VL Tarnawsky, O. Serant, OD Prystupa worthily continue the best traditions of their predecessors in scientific and educational work.

Under the department prepared and defended 53 doctoral and master’s theses, published 24 books and monographs and over 700 scientific articles. More than 20 years the Department is supporting departments for surveying the western region of Ukraine.